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大发平台2023-01-31 16:05

中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

  中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄

  由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

  麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

  一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

  此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

  作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。

  美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

  这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。

  从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

  两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

  (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

  The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

  Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

  On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

  On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

  Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

  As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

  But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

  CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

  This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

  Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

  From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

  Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

  The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

  • 大发平台

    【乌镇声音】周鸿祎:没有攻不破的系统,未来要做到安全先行******

      近日,2022年世界互联网大会乌镇峰会在浙江乌镇举行。峰会期间,360集团创始人周鸿祎接受记者采访时表示,随着数字化发展,未来基本上所有问题都是基于数字化发展,软件里漏洞不能全部消除,必然导致“没有攻不破的系统”。“这种情况下,发展与安全应该并重。未来随着数字化发展,原来安全可以忽视或延迟一步,但未来安全要先行。”

      记者:工信部数据显示,截至9月末,三家基础电信企业发展蜂窝物联网终端用户17.45亿户,已超移动电话用户数6586万户。怎么看待物联网用户超过了移动用户而产生的安全问题?

      周鸿祎:这个趋势一点都不惊讶。物联网设备不仅数目众多,而且都是无人值守的设备,可能是7×24小时在用。所以,物联网的数目可能是手机、电脑等加起来的一百倍以上。这个时代一定会来到,只不过是快和慢的问题。

      物联网时代带来的安全挑战非常大:第一,每个物联网设备都是基于软件定义,所以物联网设备里也有很多漏洞;第二,物联网设备万物互联,可以把虚拟世界和物理世界连在一起,但反过来使得所有在虚拟世界里的攻击都会变成物理世界的伤害;第三,物联网设备数目众多,而且很多物联网设备都是通过5G链接、没有边界,过去想通过边界防护的方法也不可能了。

      事实上,传统网络安全行业缺乏主动设计的碎片化思路已不再适用。因为总不能再给每一台物联网设备都配防火墙、装杀毒软件,这是典型的刻舟求剑的思路。所以,这就需要用新的顶层设计、新的方法来解决。其实,在物联网时代,只要通过足够多的数据探针,把在物联网设备上产生的安全流量、安全事件都汇总到一个中央大数据平台,从全网的维度进行集中研判、分析。在某个物联网设备被攻破之后,能够快速地看到,而且能够快速地应对。

      记者:前段时间,西北工业大学遭遇黑客攻击。类似情况应该如何应对?

      周鸿祎:这种国家级攻击主要危害有两种:一是偷窃情报和数据,导致很多老百姓个人隐私泄露,又卖到暗网上,导致很多欺诈集团利用这些数据,给老百姓带来“切肤之痛”;二是国家级攻击瞄准对象是国家关键基础设施,比如,水电气、城市交通、能源、金融、教育、医疗等。

      记者:后疫情时代,互联网发展前景如何?

      周鸿祎:数字经济和实体经济并不矛盾。它是要用数字化对实体经济进行改造,改造完以后实体经济也可以称为数字经济。这就意味着,传统的行业不要老去内卷或过度竞争、躺平,而是想一想如何用数字化进行流程再造、商业链条再造,从而产生创新的业务模式,这就意味着所有行业都值得用数字化再做一遍,这里就有巨大的机会。

      记者:现在全国很多地方都在发展信创产业。如何避免同质化竞争?

      周鸿祎:信创产业非常重要,它是要把很多IT技术架构,从底层CPU主板内存硬件,到操作系统以及各种应用办公软件,都能实现国产化,防止将来在供应链上被其他国家“卡脖子”。所以,现在各地都在做不同的信创平台,这是非常有必要的。信创本身解决了一部分安全问题,至少解决了别人在供应链里利用给操作系统布设后门的问题。但信创同样面临着数字安全挑战,因为里面代码无论是利用开源代码修改,还是自己撰写代码,都会存在一些漏洞,有漏洞也一样会被人利用。所以,要保证信创体系应用软件操作系统安全,也需要建立起类似360安全大脑的这种大数据分析体系,能够把信创系统、信创设备中可能的安全攻击捕捉到。(记者 李政葳 刘昊)

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